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Let us say you had one legit $20 and one quite good photocopy of that same $20. If someone were to try to spend both the real bill and the fake one, someone who took the problem of looking at either of the invoices' serial numbers would observe that they had been the exact same number, and consequently one of them needed to be fictitious.

That isn't a great analogy--we will explain in more detail below. .

Once a miner has confirmed 1 MB (megabyte) worthiness of Bitcoin transactions, they are eligible to win the 12.5 BTC. The 1 MB limit was established by Satoshi Nakamoto, and is a matter of controversy, as some miners believe the block size ought to be increased to accommodate more information.

Note that I stated that verifying 1 MB value of transactions makes a miner qualified to earn Bitcoin--not everyone who verifies transactions will receive paid out.

1MB of transactions can theoretically be as little as 1 transaction (though this is not at all common) or several thousand. It depends on how much information the transactions consume.

In order to earn Bitcoin, you need to meet two conditions. One is a matter of work, one is a matter of luck.

2) You must be the first miner to arrive at the perfect answer to some numeric issue. This practice is also known as an evidence of work.

The good news: No advanced math or computation is involved. You might have heard that miners are solving difficult mathematical problems--that's not true at all. What they're actually doing is trying to be the first miner to come up with a 64-digit hexadecimal number (a"hash")  that is less than or equal to the target hash.

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The bad news: Since it's guesswork, you need a lot of computing power in order to get there first. To mine , you need to have a higher"hash rate," that is measured in terms of megahashes per second (MH/s), gigahashes per second (GH/s), and terahashes per second (TH/s).

If you want to estimate just how much Bitcoin you could mine along with your mining rig's hash rate, the site Cryptocompare provides a helpful calculator.

Either way a GPU (graphics processing unit) miner or an application-specific click integrated circuit (ASIC) miner. These can run from $500 to the tens of thousands.  Some miners--especially Ethereum miners--purchase individual graphics cards (GPUs) as a cheap method to cobble together mining operations.  The photo below is a makeshift, home-made mining machine.  The Bitcoin Mining Code graphics cards are such rectangular cubes with whirring circles.  Note the sandwich twist-ties holding the pictures cards to the metal rod.

Example: I tell three friends I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100, and that I write that number on a piece of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't need to guess the exact number, they simply have to be the very first person to guess any number that's less than or equal to this number I am thinking of.

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Let us say I'm thinking of the number 19. If Friend A guesses 21, they lose because 21>19. If Friend B supposes 16 and Friend C guesses 12, then they have both theoretically arrived at viable answers, since 16<19 and 12<19. There is no"extra credit" for Friend B, even though B's answer was nearer to the target answer of 19. .

In Bitcoin conditions, simultaneous answers happen frequently, but in the end of the day there can only be one winning answer. When multiple simultaneous answers are presented which can be equivalent to or less than the target number, the Bitcoin network will decide by a simple majority--51%--that miner to honour. Normally, it is the miner that has done the work, i.e.

The losing block then becomes an"orphan block" .

Now imagine that I pose the"guess what number I'm thinking of" question, however I'm not asking only 3 friends, and I'm not thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Rather, I'm asking millions of would-be miners and I am thinking about a 64-digit hexadecimal number. Now you see that it is going to be extremely hard to guess the right answer.

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The number above has 64 digits. Easy enough to understand so far. As you likely noticed, that number consists not only of numbers, but also letters of this alphabet. Why is that

In order to understand these letters are doing in the center of numbers, let us unpack the term"hexadecimal."

As you knowwe use the"decimal" system, which means it is base 10. This in turn means that every digit has 10 possibilities, 0-9.